Different technical solutions are proposed for the various kinds of industries in Cyprus. From the total energy consumption point of view three sub-sector are dominant. The first is the cement industry which consumes 50% of energy in industry (mainly coal, but also HFO). The second is the food and beverage industry which consumes another 22% of energy in industry (diesel, LFO and LPG). The last one is the building material industry which consumes 10% of energy in industry (LFO). The same sub-sectors are dominant in relation to electricity consumption.

For the cement industries the following measures are proposed:

ƒ Installation and operation of Energy Management System (EMS)
ƒ Introduction of 3rd generation burners, resulting in low NOx emissions (<100 ppm)
ƒ Interest in firing of low-grade fuels such as waste (tires, industrial wastes, MSW, used oils, agricultural wastes, etc.)
ƒ Recovery of waste heat at different stages of the production process (excess air from coolers and preheaters is used for drying and preheating of raw material)
ƒ Introduction of new high efficiency motors and Variable Speed Drives (VSD)
ƒ Interest in installing co-generation units (CHP)

According to rough estimations and based on international experience an average of 10-15 % savings can be expected from energy management and relatively low cost measures.

In the food and beverage industries, energy efficiency is significantly related to the horizontal energy technologies used (e.g. steam systems, heat exchanging, compressed air systems, chilling and refrigeration systems, heat recovering etc.) as well as to good energy management practices.

In the building material industries, measures in the direction of energy conservation include:

ƒ Recovery of waste heat from the cooling zone of the tunnel kiln to dry bricks at the dryer
ƒ Reduction of heat loss through walls
ƒ Interest in co-generation units

Energy conservation efforts for the rest Cypriot industries can be mainly concentrated in the first two levels, described below:

Level 1 - Good housekeeping

Good housekeeping measures which include good practices for the operation of the energy systems, improvement of production techniques, and more effective management is expected from the international experience to contribute on cost energy savings in the range of 10 – 15 %.

Level 2 - Equipment improvement

By introducing high efficient equipment, the energy efficiency is expected to improve at a percentage more than 10 %.

While the implementation of such measures is easy from the technical point of view, significant difficulties arise during materialisation phase.

The difficulties are mostly organisational and managerial are due to the following facts:

ƒ The measures are addressed to many small and interspersed enterprises
ƒ The small companies in Cyprus and worldwide is characterised in general, by lack of awareness of the available technologies, and limited technical facilities and staff.

Based on the obtained information and previous experience it can be estimated that the successful implementation of complex measures in the above two levels are expected to bring energy cost savings in the range of 20 –25 %.

Level 3 - Processes improvement

Additional savings could be achieved by process improvements, but the benefits arising from such measures are difficult to be estimated.